Energy and exergy analyses are reported of hydrogen production via an ocean thermal energy conversion otec system coupled with a solarenhanced proton exchange membrane pem electrolyzer. The greater the temperature differential, the higher the efficiency of. If a pipe is put down into the ocean we can bring the cold. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Warm seawater is taken in from the surface of the oceans and cold water from the deep at 5 o. This situation justifies reevaluating otec for the production of electricity, desalinated water and energy intensive products. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. The ocean thermal extractable energy visualization oteev project focuses on assessing the maximum practicably extractable energy mpee from the worlds ocean thermal resources. Otec systems must be designed with regard to potential efficiency issues. Actual ocean thermal energy conversion efficiency at any location is likely to be around 3 %. Oceans act as incredibly large solar energy collectors, absorbing about 80% of the suns energy. Otec or ocean thermal energy conversion, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans.
Pdf the ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and. Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the. Key market restraint for the global ocean thermal energy conversion plant market is the high initial cost involved in the construction and maintenance of the otec power plant. Takahashi, university of hawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi, usa. The generated electrical power and the efficiency of otec plant are enhanced by a simulation of a number of derived formulas. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion otec technologies use the temperature dffierence between warm seawater at the surface of the ocean, and cold seawater at between 8001 000 metres m depth to produce electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec using nonazeotropic mixtures such as ammoniawater as working fluid and the multistage cycle has been investigated in order to improve the thermal efficiency of the cycle because of small ocean temperature differences. Plantship a ship designed to house an otec power plant. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. As the worlds largest solar collectors, oceans generate thermal energy from the sun. Since it is an ecofriendly resource, this does not mean that it. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters.
It is one of the renewable energy resources that do not arise any indeed harmful impact on our environment. Otc 21016 economics of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Pichtr honolulu, hi abstract the vertical temperature distribution in the open ocean can be simplistically described as consisting of two layers separated by an interface. Journal of mechatronics, electrical power, and vehicular. Higher oil prices and recent technical advances have improved the economic and technical viability of otec, perhaps making this technology more attractive and feasible than in the past. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the natural temperature difference between the surface and the depths of the ocean. Otec systems use the oceans natural thermal gradient. The potential impact of introduction ocean thermal. The working fluid in such a cycle will need to have a low boiling point. They also produce mechanical energy from the tides and waves. Welcome to the okinawa prefecture deep sea water ocean thermal energy conversion otec demonstration facility. Annual production kwh name plate kw x 8760 hours x cf. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec environmental impacts. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec american journal of. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. Introduction we use sea water as a working fluid in open cycle of ocean thermal energy conversion. Otec is not like wind power or solar power which are intermittent, because the technology can operate on a 247 basis. Ocean thermal energy conversion act oteca of 1980 limits the ownership, construction and operation of offshore ocean thermal energy facilities and plantships to those licensed by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration noaa. Pdf economics of ocean thermal energy conversion otec. Closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion systems use a working fluid with a low boiling point, ammonia for example, and use it to power a turbine to generate electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which uses the oceans natural temperature gradient to drive a turbine connected to a generator which produces. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which uses the ocean s natural temperature gradient to drive a turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity. It is postulated that the us should begin to implement the first. Join us in exploring this exciting path into the future.
Figure 4 miniotec off keabote point howatt courtesy of the lockheed missiles and space co. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec projects have been around since the 1970s. The performance and effectiveness of the multistage cycle are barely understood. And getting a right seminar for submission is really a tough task. When otec is implemented in 5 % of the earth surface area which is 7% of the ocean covered area,less than 15 % of the tropical ocean area, the 3% conversion efficiency will be sufficient to provide energy at 0. Pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec ajer research academia. Mpee is defined as being sustainable and technically feasible, given todays stateoftheart ocean energy. Otec transfer function the relationship between the thermal resource and the electricity generated. Worldwide information indicates that although there are sufficient petroleum resources to meet demand for about 50 years, production is peaking and we will face a steadily diminishing petroleum supply. Caribbean and pacific ocean have otec resources within 10 kilometres km.
This means that every day, the oceans on our planet absorb solar energy equivalent to 250 billion barrels of oil, and if we could convert 0. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode the denser cold water masses, formed by ocean surface water interaction with cold atmosphere in. First introduced in 1881, otec has been described as an effective and renewable energy source. The harmful effects to marine life caused due to discharging of water in the sea also act as key market restraints for the otec. The warm seawater vaporizes the fluid in the heat exchanger which then turns the turbines of the generator. Considerable work was initiated after the oil price shocks of the 1970s, but these efforts waned within the following two decades under. Under oteca, several ederal agencies assist noaa f in the otec licensing process. Apart from electricity, there are other useful byproducts from the otec process like fresh water, chilled water and nutrientrich water. Wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb developing member countries dmcs reduce their dependence on fossilfuel based energy generation and. Otc 21016 economics of ocean thermal energy conversion. At one point, we all have to make ppt of any topic and submit its report. Opencycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec research. Pdf ocean thermal energy conversion using doublestage. An ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a system of converting thermal energy in electricity by using the temperature difference between warm water at the surface of the ocean and cold water.
Cost effective otec ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is considered as a promising resource of energy in the future. Parsons august 1984 to be presented at the asme winter meeting new orleans, louisiana 9 14 december 1984 prepared under task no. The use of otec as a source of electricity will help reduce the states almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec has become a serious contender for development as an economic power generation system for the last decade of this century, since the cost of conventional fuels particularly oil rose during and from 1973. Makais otec work is conducted at the ocean energy research center oerc, located within the natural energy lab of hawaii authority nelha in kailua kona, hawaii. Navy ocean energy program bill tayler director, energy development navfacengcom, public works ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology workshop university of new hampshire, durham nh november 3, 2009. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine. Ocean thermal energy corporation is a company introducing commercially viable renewable energy and potable water solutions ocean thermal energy corporation ote traces its roots to 1998 when our predecessor company began researching and developing the technologies known as ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Short contents list page 1 background 2 2 technical limitations 6 3 otec and the environment 7 4 engineering challenges 9 5 open cycle otec 9. This paper presents a design concept of ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant built in mamuju, west sulawesi, with 33 mwe and 7. Abstract ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the use of a high surface temperature of the water with the low temperature of the water at a certain depth thus creating a heat engine. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal. Predictable and continuous, the energy produced in this way is particularly environmentally friendly and decarbonised.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Here youll find a collection of information on this historic project, as well as information on otec technology, news, and posts from facility staff. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec environmental. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec state of development such that under certain scenarios cost competitive baseload electricity could be produced, cf 0. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed. Ocean temperature differences, ocean thermal energy conversion, otec, renewable energy. Figure 4 mini otec off keabote point howatt courtesy of the lockheed missiles and space co.
Pdf ocean thermal energy conversion siddharth garaniya. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec environmental impacts the environmental impact studies from the 1980s concluded that the risks of otec would likely be acceptable, however. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy engine and produce electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology brief 3 highlights. Ocean thermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a renewable energy technology which produces power using a heat engine driven by the temperature difference between warm surface ocean waters and cold deep ocean waters gritton et al.
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